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Hard Disks – What IS ATA and Ultra ATA?

In the second half of 1997 EIDE's 16.6 MBps limit was doubled to 33 MBps by the new Ultra ATA (also referred to as ATA-33 or Ultra DMA mode 2 protocol). As well as increasing the data transfer rate, Ultra ATA also improved data integrity … [Read more...]

Filed Under: Interfaces Tagged With: What IS ATA, What IS Ultra ATA

EIDE Interfaces

In 1993 Western Digital brought EIDE (Enhanced IDE) onto the market. EIDE is a standard designed to overcome the constraints of ATA while at the same time maintaining backward compatibility. EIDE supports faster data transfer rates - with … [Read more...]

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IDE Interfaces

One of the earliest and most significant standards introduced into PC hardware was IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics), a standard which controls the flow of data between the processor and the hard disk. The IDE concept was initially proposed by … [Read more...]

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PCI Express Interfaces

By the summer of 1999 the proponents of Future I/O and NGIO had called a truce and agreed to merge the two technologies into a new specification. Originally, this went by the working name of System I/O. However, by the end of the year it had been renamed InfiniBand. In the end the technology - … [Read more...]

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PCI-X Interfaces

PCI-X v1.0, a high performance addendum to the PCI Local Bus specification co-developed by IBM, Hewlett-Packard, and Compaq - normally competitors in the PC server market - was unanimously approved by the Peripheral Component Interconnect Special … [Read more...]

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Internal Interfaces Summary

The following table summarises the various interface standards for internal host adapter cards, in use as at mid-1998: Standard Typical uses Burst DTR Outlook ISA Sound cards, modems 2 MBps to 8.33 MBps Expected to be phased out by late … [Read more...]

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What is AGP and AGP Pro?

As fast and wide as the PCI bus was, there was one task that threatened to consume all its bandwidth: displaying graphics. Early in the era of the ISA bus, monitors were driven by simple Monochrome Display adapter (MDA) and Colour Graphics Array (CGA) cards. A CGA graphics display could show … [Read more...]

Filed Under: Interfaces Tagged With: What is AGP and AGP Pro

PCI Bus Interfaces

Intel's original work on the PCI standard was published as revision 1.0 and handed over to a separate organisation, the PCI SIG (Special Interest Group). The SIG produced the PCI Local Bus Revision 2.0 specification in May 1993: it took in the … [Read more...]

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Local Bus Interfaces

Intel 80286 motherboards were capable of running expansion slots and the processor at different speeds over the same bus. However, dating from the introduction of the 386 chip in 1987, motherboards provided two bus systems. In addition to … [Read more...]

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ISA Bus – Industry Standard Architecture

When it appeared on the first PC the 8-bit ISA bus ran at a modest 4.77MHz - the same speed as the processor. It was improved over the years, eventually becoming the Industry Standard Architecture (EISA), developed by a consortium made up of IBM's major competitors. Although these systems … [Read more...]

Filed Under: Interfaces Tagged With: what is an ISA Bus, what is Industry Standard Architecture?, what is ISA?

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20 Cool Creative Commons Photographs About the Future of AI

AI technology is starting to have a huge impact on our lives. The market value for AI is estimated to have been worth $279.22 billion in 2024 and it … [Read More...]

13 Impressive Stats on the Future of AI

AI technology is starting to become much more important in our everyday lives. Many businesses are using it as well. While he has created a lot of … [Read More...]

Graphic Designers on Reddit Share their Views of AI

There are clearly a lot of positive things about AI. However, it is not a good thing for everyone. One of the things that many people are worried … [Read More...]

Redditors Talk About the Impact of AI on Freelance Writers

AI technology has had a huge impact on our lives. A 2023 survey by Pew Research found that 56% of people use AI at least once a day or once a week. … [Read More...]

11 Most Popular Books on Perl Programming

Perl is not the most popular programming language. It has only one million users, compared to 12 million that use Python. However, it has a lot of … [Read More...]

10 Exceptional Books on ChatGPT that Will Blow Your Mind

ChatGPT is a powerful new AI tool that is taking the world by storm. You are going to find a lot of amazing books that will teach you how to make the … [Read More...]

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