pctechguide.com

  • Home
  • Guides
  • Tutorials
  • Articles
  • Reviews
  • Glossary
  • Contact

Frequency Modulation

The first widespread technology to be used in sound cards was Frequency Modulation, or FM, which was developed in the early 1970s by Dr John Chowning of Stanford University. FM synthesisers produce sound by generating a pure sine wave, known as a carrier, and mix it with a second waveform, known as a modulator. When the two waveforms are close in frequency, a complex waveform is produced. By controlling both the carrier and the modulator its possible to create different timbres, or instruments.

Each FM voice requires a minimum of two signal generators, commonly referred to as operators. Different FM synthesis implementations have varying degrees of control over the operator parameters. Sophisticated FM systems may use 4 or 6 operators per voice, and the operators may have adjustable envelopes which allow adjustment of the attack and decay rates of the signal.

Yamaha was the first company to research and invest in Chowning’s theory, which led to the development of the legendary DX7 synthesiser. Yamaha soon realised that mixing a wider range of carriers and modulators made it possible to create more complex timbres, resulting in more realistic sounding instruments. Their OPL3 synthesiser hardware is the de facto standard for games cards, and uses parameters downloaded from the driver software to control cascaded FM oscillators to generate a crude analogue of acoustic and electronic musical instruments.

Although FM systems were implemented in the analogue domain on early synthesiser keyboards, more recent FM synthesis implementations are done digitally. FM synthesis techniques are very useful for creating expressive new synthesised sounds. However, if the goal of the synthesis system is to recreate the sound of some existing instrument, this can generally be done more accurately with digital sample-based techniques, such as WaveTable Synthesis.

  • How Do Computers Make Pictures?
  • Graphic Card Resolution
  • Graphic Card Colour Depth
  • Graphic Card Components
  • Graphic Card Memory
  • Graphic Card Driver Software
  • 3d Accelerated Graphic Cards
  • Graphic Card Geometry
  • 3D Rendering
  • FSAA Graphic Card Technology
  • Digital Graphic Cards
  • DVI Graphic Cards
  • HDCP Technology
  • Graphic Card HDMI Ports
  • Graphic Card Display Port
  • Unified Display Special Interest Group
  • DirectX
  • OpenGL technology
  • Direct3D
  • Talisman
  • Fahrenheit Graphic Cards
  • SLI Technology
  • CrossFire Graphic Cards

Filed Under: Sound Cards

Latest Articles

A Description and Explanation of Satellite Broadband and How It Works

Whilst the advent of its RADSL variant may have increased the range of ADSL from 3.5km to 5.5km, the fact is that the technology will always be literally beyond the range of many living in rural areas. In theory, satellite communications can … [Read More...]

6 Simple Ways to Improve Security of Windows Computers

Millions of Windows PC users experience some form of cybercrime every year. According to one study, there were 2,953 reported cyberattacks between January and September of 2020. Many of these data breaches could have been prevented with better precautions. Sometimes, problems are caused by … [Read More...]

4 Experts Share Insights on the Intersection of Tech Support & Business Growth

There is certainly no shortage of technology that businesses can leverage to grow and be more successful than competitors. The innovative tech streamlining a number of daily, monthly, and even quarterly business processes continues to enter the market in every industry. “Whether you're part of a … [Read More...]

Tips on How to Land a Remote Job in Cyber Security

The demand for skilled cyber security professionals is growing as well as a number of threats and risks. Any company needs an expert or team to … [Read More...]

Video Tutorials for Anyone Wanting to Learn About Big Data

Did you know that we create about 2.5 quintillion bytes of data every single day? There is no denying the fact that big data is changing our world in … [Read More...]

Video Tutorials to Help Canva Users Shorten their Learning Curve

Canva is a very popular design software that is used by over 55 million designers. It is a robust application, but it can be tricky for beginners to … [Read More...]

Great Videos to Learn About Cricut Design Space

Cricut Design Space is one of the best digital design applications for people trying to create projects for Cricut projects. You can create a lot of … [Read More...]

Great Videos on Dangerous Computer Viruses

Computer viruses are obnoxious programs that can wreak havoc on even the most sophisticated machines. The good news is that people will be better … [Read More...]

Best Creative Commons Videos on Learning Adobe Illustrator

Adobe Illustrator is one of the most popular design tools available. The tool has been around since 1987 and is used by over 90% of the world's … [Read More...]

Guides

  • Computer Communications
  • Mobile Computing
  • PC Components
  • PC Data Storage
  • PC Input-Output
  • PC Multimedia
  • Processors (CPUs)

Recent Posts

RAID tutorial – connecting the hard drives

We're going to be setting up two identical hard disk drives as a single mirrored RAID 1 array. Power the system down, remove the case and fit and … [Read More...]

DynaSheet

Imagine a newspaper that sits neatly in your pocket, is environmentally friendly and gets updated every day. That's the dream that Toshiba … [Read More...]

Remo Recover Windows Pro Review

Remo Recover (Windows)  Pro Review Remo Recover Pro for Windows is a good product. It is very easy to use and does get a decent recovery rate. It … [Read More...]

[footer_backtotop]

Copyright © 2022 About | Privacy | Contact Information | Wrtie For Us | Disclaimer | Copyright License | Authors